The Holy City: A Revelation of the Church in the New Earth
In the book of Revelation, the vision of the holy city—the New Jerusalem—presents not only a literal city that will one day be established in the new earth, but also a powerful representation of the church in its most complete and perfect form. Revelation 21 unveils this city as a divine symbol, reflecting the unification of God's people, both Jew and Gentile, into one body—the church, the bride of Christ.
The Holy City: A Symbol of the Church
Revelation 21:9-10 tells of an angel speaking to John, saying, "Come here, I will show you the bride, the Lamb’s wife." But instead of seeing a woman, John beholds "the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband" (Revelation 21:2). This city is not merely a physical structure but a symbolic portrayal of the church, the redeemed people of God.
In Hebrews 12:22-23, we are told that the "heavenly Jerusalem" is a description of the church: "But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels, to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are registered in heaven." Here, the heavenly Jerusalem is synonymous with the church, both universal and eternal, made up of all the redeemed. The New Jerusalem, then, is a revelation of the perfect and unified church that will dwell with God forever.
The Church as the Bride of Christ
The New Jerusalem represents the culmination of God's redemptive work through Christ. Just as a bride is prepared for her husband, the church has been prepared by Christ to be presented to Him in glory. This is evident in Revelation 21:2, where the city is described as “prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.” The church, like the holy city, is prepared by God, reflecting purity, holiness, and divine beauty, fit to dwell in His presence.
The imagery of the city as the bride points to the intimate relationship between Christ and His church, which is referred to as the bride throughout Scripture (Ephesians 5:25-27). The church is not only a gathering of believers but a living body, formed by Christ Himself, where He dwells in the hearts of His people, building them into a spiritual temple. This is the true tabernacle (Hebrews 8:2) made up of "living stones" (1 Peter 2:5), where God’s glory resides.
The Apostolic Foundation of the Church
In the description of the city, John highlights twelve gates, twelve foundations, and a measurement that underscores the importance of the apostles in the establishment of God’s kingdom on earth. The twelve gates are named after the twelve tribes of Israel, representing the covenantal promise to God's people, while the twelve foundations bear the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb, symbolizing the church’s apostolic foundation (Revelation 21:12-14).
In Isaiah 60:10, God declares that the Gentiles will be the builders of the walls of the city of God. This aligns with the understanding that both Jewish and Gentile believers play integral roles in the construction of God’s eternal kingdom. The apostles, both Jewish and Gentile, are the foundation stones of the New Jerusalem, with their teaching and testimony laying the groundwork for the church’s unity.
The Measurement of the City: A Symbol of the Elect
Revelation 21:16 gives a striking description of the city, noting that it measures 12,000 furlongs in length, breadth, and height, symbolizing completeness and perfection. When this measurement is multiplied (12 x 12,000), it totals 144,000—a number already introduced in Revelation 7:4, where it represents the elect firstfruits of the early church, composed of Jewish believers. Additionally, the city wall is measured as 144 cubits, which further links this number to the 144,000 in Revelation 14:1, representing the Gentile church, the elect who are redeemed through Christ.
The use of this number, 144,000, conveys that God's plan of salvation encompasses all His people, both from the Jewish and Gentile nations. It speaks of the completeness and perfection of the redeemed in the final, eternal city of God.
The Nations Walking in the Light of the City
In Revelation 21:24, we are told that "the nations of those who are saved shall walk in its light." This echoes the parable of the wise virgins in Matthew 25:1-13, where the light of Christ, symbolized by the oil of the Holy Spirit, is essential for salvation. The "nations" who walk in the light of the New Jerusalem represent those who respond to the gospel and walk in the ways of the Lord, following His light and receiving the salvation He offers.
The church, as the light of the world (Matthew 5:14), serves as the vehicle through which this salvation message is proclaimed. The nations who accept the light of the city are the wise virgins, who embrace the invitation to enter into God's kingdom in the last days.
The Unchanging Law of God and the City of God
The principles of God’s divine law, unchanging and eternal, mandate the existence of a spiritual city on earth that mirrors the heavenly Jerusalem. Just as the city of God will be established on the new earth, there is a present reality of God's kingdom in the church today. The New Jerusalem, which will be fully revealed in the coming age, serves as a pattern for how God desires His people to live now, in anticipation of the day when Christ will return and bring His church into the fullness of His eternal kingdom.
The Church of God believes that the vision of the New Jerusalem is not merely a distant hope but an active, present reality that shapes how the church lives, worships, and proclaims the gospel today. The divine law of Scripture, which declares that God never changes, calls us to live as citizens of this holy city, even as we await its full revelation in the new earth.
Conclusion
The holy city, the New Jerusalem, as described in Revelation 21, reveals both the literal city that will one day come down from heaven and the spiritual reality of the church, the bride of Christ. It is a vision of unity, holiness, and the fulfillment of God’s eternal purpose for His people. As believers, we are called to live in anticipation of this glorious city, which reflects the unchanging and eternal nature of God’s kingdom, where we, as His people, will dwell with Him forever.
Dr. Phil Spears